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721.
广东省的湿地:功能、价值、利用和湿地丧失的缓解措施 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
广东的湿地生态系统包括基塘系统、红树林、湿生植被和水生植被等4种生态系统,是特别而有经济价值的植被类型,这些湿地类型分别在支持生物地化循环、保堤护田护村、调节气候、净化环境、生物多样性保育、提供能源、提供生物学科学教育基地和生态旅游地、生产多样化的社会经济原料和产品等方面有着独特而重要的作用。但随着社会的发展.其面积在减少,质量不断下降。结构破坏直接导致了功能的下降和丧失。自1950年起,广东省在其湿地的保护和管理方面陆续实施了统一规划管理、设立自然保护区、开发湿地生产模式、防治湿地污染、保护湿地环境、建设人工湿地、恢复湿地系统、建立湿地信息系统等一系列举措,并取得了一定的收效,但效果仍不理想。要从根本上解决广东湿地的保护和利用问题,一方面要在恢复生态学的指导下深化退化湿地的恢复研究,按照湿地生态系统在空间尺度上的条带分布规律和时间尺度上的演替规律。因地制宜、因时制宜地进行湿地恢复研究;另一方面要进一步加强科研工作者、政府以及民众三者在湿地保护和合理利用方面的合作,建立专门机构,通过法律和行政手段进行统一规划、管理,同时对湿地保育研究、教育给予政策上的倾斜、支持。 相似文献
722.
Concentrations of bacteria, chlorophyll a, and several dissolved organic compounds were determined during 11 tidal cycles throughout the year in a high and a low elevation marsh of a brackish tidal estuary. Mean bacterial concentrations were slightly higher in flooding (7·1 × 106 cells ml−1) than in ebbing waters (6·5 × 106 cells ml−1), and there were no differences between marshes. Mean chlorophyll a concentrations were 36·7 μg l−1 in the low marsh and 20·4 μg l−1 in the high marsh. Flux calculations, based on tidal records and measured concentrations, suggested a small net import of bacterial and algal biomass into both marshes. Over the course of individual tidal cycles, concentrations of all parameters were variable and not related to tidal stage. Heterotrophic activity measured by the uptake of 3H-thymidine, was found predominantly in the smallest particle size fractions (< 1·0 μm). Thymidine uptake was correlated with temperature (r = 0·48, P < 0·01), and bacterial productivity was estimated to be 7 to 42 μg Cl−1 day−1. 相似文献
723.
724.
海南岛沿岸多港湾,主要有3种类型的潮汐汊道型港湾:(1)沙坝-泻湖型潮汐汊道港湾主要分布在东南部海岸,以三亚港最为典型。三亚港原始岸线为基岩港湾海岸,由中生代花岗岩构成。花岗岩风化泥沙充填谷地港湾连成陆地,以沙坝-泻湖体系形式逐渐堆积成海积平原。(2)港湾型潮汐汊道主要分布在海南岛西部,起源于构造断裂带的港湾。其演化的主要因素是河流及海岸侵蚀向湾内供应的沉积物以及巨大的纳潮量形成的潮流动力。消费品流及海岸供沙使纳潮水域淤积,纳潮量相应减少,同时在口门内外形成潮流三角洲(拦门沙浅滩)。(3)溺谷型潮汐汊道主要分布在海南岛北岸、东北岸。其演化过程是:古河口溺谷,沿岸输沙发育海岸沙坝,古河口溺谷逐渐淤积衰退,潮流作用形成 口门外落潮流堆积体及涨潮带入海相细粒物质,使纳潮水域进一步淤浅缩小,目前这类汊道处于发育演化的晚期,接近汊道整体的消亡。 相似文献
725.
Field sampling of the dissolved and particulate material field downstream of a large volume bucket dredge operating in the lower Thames River estuary near New London, Connecticut, was conducted in order to examine the magnitude and character of the dredge-induced resuspension. These data indicate that large amounts of dissolved phosphate, ammonia, silica, manganese, copper and particulate materials are released into the water column, whereas cadmium concentrations were unaffected. Concentrations in the vicinity of the dredge exceed background levels by two to nine times for the dissolved materials and by two orders of magnitude for particulates. During the ebb cycle, downstream material concentrations decrease rapidly to background within approximately 180 m for dissolved materials and 700 m for particulates.Two mechanisms were found to control the distribution of materials downstream of the dredge: (a) physical transport, including advection, turbulent mixing and diffusion, and (b) geochemical processes (i.e. adsorption, desorption, precipitation, dissolution, etc.). The concentration of dissolved materials downstream of the dredge decrease at a first order exponential rate. The downstream distribution of the dissolved ammonia and silica was found to be consistent with the reactivity experiments (Figure 8) which predicted that PO4 would undergo a decay in concentration in the presence of suspended sediments. Absorption of phosphate onto suspended sediments and gravitational settling of the suspended particulates were the processes. Manganese and copper underwent a dual transformation which involved an initial dissolution, followed by flocculation and possible coprecipitation as MnO2. Cadmium concentrations in the water column were unaffected by the dredging process due to low pore water concentrations.The observed spatial distribution indicates that dredge-induced injection of dissolved and particulate materials is primarily a near field phenomenon producing relatively minor variations as compared to those caused by naturally occurring storm events. These latter systems have been shown (Tramontano, 1978; Bohlen et al., 1979) to produce estuary-wide variations in suspended materials, PO4 and NH4 concentrations increasing the mass of materials in suspension by at least a factor of two. This increase in total suspended load, PO4 and NH4, is nearly an order of magnitude larger than that produced by the dredge. 相似文献
726.
The number and lipolytic activity of neustonic and planktonic bacteria inhabiting estuarine Lake Gardno were determined. Lipolytic bacteria were very numerous in investigated layers of water, accounting for 10–88% of the total number of culturable heterotrophic bacteria. Significant differences were found in the decomposition of individual lipid substrates by bacteria. The highest percentage of neustonic and planktonic strains were able to hydrolyse tributyrin and Tween 85. The least numerous bacteria group was microflora hydrolysing Tween 20 and Tween 40. The activity of lipases synthesized by bacteria from the subsurface layer was higher than that of lipases produced by bacteria isolated from the surface layers. A significant effect of salinity on the activity of lipases has been shown. 相似文献
727.
Circulation and water properties within Columbia Bay, Alaska, are dominated by the effects of Columbia Glacier at the head of the Bay. The basin between the glacier terminus and the terminal moraine (sill depth of about 22 m) responds as an ‘upside down’ estuary with the subglacial discharge of freshwater entering at the bottom of the basin. The intense vertical mixing caused by the bouyant plume of freshwater creates a homogeneous water mass that exchanges with the far-field water through either a two- or a three-layer flow. In general, the glacier acts as a large heat sink and creates a water mass which is cooler than that in fjords without tidewater glaciers. The predicted retreat of Columbia Glacier would create a 40 km long fjord that has characteristics in common with other fjords in Prince William Sound. 相似文献
728.
729.
Richard D. Hedger Tim J. Malthus Andrew M. Folkard Peter M. Atkinson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):608-615
This paper examines the applicability of airborne remote sensing to the characterization and quantification of the spatial dynamics of water surface temperature (WST) within estuaries. For this, a series of successive airborne Thematic Mapper thermal images was acquired of Kirkcudbright Bay, an estuary in the United Kingdom, on two dates. Spatial dynamics were determined by two techniques: (1) qualitatively, which involved interpreting features ‘by eye’; and (2) by the velocimetric technique of maximum cross correlation (MCC). Qualitatively, complex spatial dynamics were identified over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, associated with the creation and dissipation of eddies, and the convergence and divergence of fronts, all of which were superimposed on the synoptic tidal flow. MCC was effective for producing synoptic velocity fields, but the minimum cell size was constrained by image noise, limiting the ability to analyze small-scale spatial dynamics. The effectiveness of MCC was related to the ratio of spatially correlated variance to spatially independent variance, as estimated from the variogram. Suggestions for optimizing the application of airborne remote sensing to estuarine spatial dynamics are presented. 相似文献
730.